Negative Life Events and Resilience in Higher Education Students

Table 2: Internal consistency of the items from the Negative Life Events Scale (Brás & Cruz, 2008)

Item Number	Items		Mean	SD	r/item total		α without item
1	Significant individual separation has occurred		1.25	1.83	0.472		0.708
2	Has suffered physical and/or psychological negligence		0.65	1.44	0.461		0.713
3	Has suffered physical and/or sexual abuse		0.20	.91	0.304		0.730
4	Psychological abuse has occurred		0.67	1.46	0.457		0.713
5	Family environment has become dysfunctional		0.74	1.52	0.400		0.718
6	Has experienced economic difficulties		1.44	1.87	0.241		0.737
7	Has changed residence		0.74	1.25	0.274		0.731
8	Physical and/or psychological problems have occurred		1.04	1.76	0.361		0.722
9	Physical and/or psychological problems with a relative have occurred		1.57	1.86	0.431		0.713
10	Illness or severe accident of a close relative has occurred		1.30	1.90	0.405		0.717
11	Illness or severe accident of a friend has occurred		0.61	1.41	0.301		0.728
12	Death of a close relative has occurred		1.50	2.02	0.344		0.725
13	Death of a friend has occurred		0.58	1.44	0.228		0.735
14	Has broken up with boyfriend/girlfriend		0.89	1.59	0.256		0.733
Split Half Coefficient		First Half				0.686
		Second half				0.626
Overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient						0.738

< Back to article

We care about your privacy

We use cookies or similar technologies to access personal data, including page visits and your IP address. We use this information about you, your devices and your online interactions with us to provide, analyse and improve our services. This may include personalising content or advertising for you. You can find out more in our privacy policy and cookie policy and manage the choices available to you at any time by going to ‘Privacy settings’ at the bottom of any page.

Manage My Preferences

You have control over your personal data. For more detailed information about your personal data, please see our Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy.

Strictly Necessary Cookies

These cookies are essential in order to enable you to move around the site and use its features, such as accessing secure areas of the site. Without these cookies, services you have asked for cannot be provided.

Marketing Cookies

Third-party advertising and social media cookies are used to
(1) deliver advertisements more relevant to you and your interests;
(2) limit the number of times you see an advertisement;
(3) help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign; and
(4) understand people’s behavior after they view an advertisement.
They remember that you have visited a site and quite often they will be linked to site functionality provided by the other organization. This may impact the content and messages you see on other websites you visit.