The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences
Online ISSN: 2301-2218
European Publisher
Negative Life Events and Resilience in Higher Education Students
Table 1: Internal consistency of the Wagnild and Young’s Scale of Resilience (1993)
| Item Number | Items | Mean | SD | r/item total | r2 | α w/ item |
| 1 | I usually deal with problems one way or the other. | 5.03 | 1.513 | .485 | .524 | .942 |
| 2 | I can depend on myself more than anyone else. | 5.25 | 1.174 | .620 | .570 | .939 |
| 3 | Staying interested in everyday activities is important to me. | 5.63 | .909 | .752 | .740 | .938 |
| 4 | I can be on my own, if need be. | 5.28 | 1.228 | .607 | .562 | .939 |
| 5 | I feel proud of having achieved certain objectives in my life. | 5.60 | 1.003 | .792 | .768 | .937 |
| 6 | I am a friend to myself. | 5.46 | 1.095 | .683 | .614 | .939 |
| 7 | I feel I can deal with several things at the same time. | 5.42 | .989 | .781 | .763 | .938 |
| 8 | I am determined. | 5.45 | 1.043 | .802 | .752 | .937 |
| 9 | I rarely question myself about the meaning of life. | 4.07 | 1.786 | .421 | .358 | .944 |
| 10 | I live life one day at a time. | 4.82 | 1.402 | .556 | .463 | .940 |
| 11 | I can easily go through difficult times because I have encountered some in the past. | 4.77 | 1.564 | .465 | .502 | .943 |
| 12 | I have self-discipline. | 5.45 | 1.028 | .747 | .699 | .938 |
| 13 | I keep up my interest in things. | 5.47 | .960 | .771 | .727 | .938 |
| 14 | I can usually find something that makes me laugh. | 5.47 | 1.061 | .699 | .609 | .938 |
| 15 | Confidence in myself helps me deal with difficult times. | 5.24 | 1.188 | .715 | .677 | .938 |
| 16 | In an emergency, I am often someone others can count on. | 5.54 | 1.005 | .779 | .741 | .938 |
| 17 | I can usually look at a situation from different points of view. | 5.41 | 1.033 | .736 | .690 | .938 |
| 18 | Sometimes I make myself do things, whether I want to or not. | 4.75 | 1.551 | .393 | .351 | .944 |
| 19 | My life has a purpose. | 5.41 | 1.056 | .708 | .590 | .938 |
| 20 | I don’t obsess over things I cannot solve. | 4.53 | 1.426 | .520 | .426 | .941 |
| 21 | When I’m in a difficult situation, I usually find a solution. | 5.30 | 1.097 | .745 | .690 | .938 |
| 22 | I have enough energy to do what must be done. | 5.40 | 1.052 | .776 | .742 | .937 |
| 23 | I don’t have issues with not being liked by some people. | 5.22 | 1.259 | .569 | .435 | .940 |
| Split Half Coefficient | First half = .886Second half =.903 | |||||
| Overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient | .942 | |||||